What are the short, concise messages that request action or report a problem with a previously transmitted message?

The correct response is notifications. Notifications are short, concise messages specifically designed to request action or report a problem with a previously transmitted message. They serve a critical purpose in communication, ensuring that the recipient is aware of any necessary actions that need to be taken or specific issues that have arisen.

In the context of military and official communications, notifications help maintain clarity and prompt responsiveness, ensuring that important information is conveyed clearly and efficiently. The other terms mentioned may have specific meanings in various contexts, but they do not capture the essence of what notifications represent in this scenario. Alerts often imply urgent messages but don't necessarily encompass all forms of communication regarding action requests or issues. Service may pertain to a range of operational functions, and reports usually involve more detailed accounts rather than the concise directive nature of notifications.